Category:Convict Rights - Revision history

Admin at 10:45, 5 March 2016

2016-03-05T10:45:48Z

Admin at 13:07, 24 February 2016

2016-02-24T13:07:52Z

Admin: /* Origins */

2016-02-24T13:06:25Z

‎Origins

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Admin: /* Legal Actions */

2016-02-24T13:02:46Z

‎Legal Actions

Admin: /* 3. Musters upon Arrival */

2016-02-24T13:02:14Z

‎3. Musters upon Arrival

121.44.20.17: /* Baring (1819) */

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‎Baring (1819)

121.44.20.17: /* Hillsborough (1798) */

2016-02-24T12:59:34Z

‎Hillsborough (1798)

121.44.20.17: /* The Britannia (1796) */

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‎The Britannia (1796)

121.44.20.17: /* Response in England */

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‎Response in England

121.44.20.17: /* The Inquiry */

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‎The Inquiry

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 April 1799 – The ship got under weigh, with seamen from a man of war helping. The wind came in foul and continued all night. No water was served that day but after a ‘general noise''’'', some was served late at night.<ref name="ftn49"><sup>Noah, p.39.</sup></ref>
 === Earl Cornwallis (1800) ===
@@ Line 260: / Line 278: @@
 ". . . his indignation was raised when he saw the space set aside for him, so different was it from what he had stated in his petition to the house. It was larger than the writer, or the hon. baronet himself, had enjoyed when lieutenant of a frigate, and, in short, all the convicts were well accommodated, and by no means crowded."<ref name="ftn60"><sup>Hansard, 18 February 1819, Col. 493.</sup></ref>
 == Organised Protests and Petitions ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:07, 24 February 2016
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		+	= References =
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 In spite of this, he was immediately issued with a ticket of leave and established his own school, known as the Sydney Grammar School.
-== Legal Actions ==
+= Legal Actions =
-=== Origins ===
+== Origins ==

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 One of these Copies is to be stuck up between decks, for the information of the convicts.<ref name="ftn72"><sup>‘Report from the Select Committee on Transportation’, Ordered to be Printed 10 July 1812, ''House of Commons Papers: Reports of Committees'', (341) 1812, Appendix 25, pp.105-106.</sup></ref>
-= 3. Musters upon Arrival =
+= Musters upon Arrival =
 From 1796, and possibly from as early as 1793, the Governor or one of his senior officials would go on board the ships as they arrived in Sydney Cove and muster the convicts, so that, among other things, they could ascertain whether they had any complaints about their treatment. This enabled the Governor to assess whether the captain and the surgeon should be issued with a certificate that would enable them to claim their financial bonus on their return to England.

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 === Baring (1819) ===
 As noted above, a gentleman convict, Laurence Halloran made complaints about his treatment on board the ''Baring'' prior to sailing, which were investigated and then debated in parliament. On their arrival in June 1819, he registered a complaint against the captain of the ''Baring'' with the colonial authorities. The Governor assigned the Bench of Magistrates the task of investigating the allegations, which found that the complaints were malicious and groundless.<ref name="ftn133"><sup>Colonial Secretary’s Papers, 1819, SRNSW Reel 6048; 4/1742 pp.113-151.</sup></ref>
 In spite of this, he was immediately issued with a ticket of leave and established his own school, known as the Sydney Grammar School.

@@ Line 802: / Line 802: @@
 === Hillsborough (1798) ===
 When the ship ‘came to the Bay’ in July 1799, some of the convicts from the ''Hillsborough'' complained that their property had been stolen by some of the sailors when the contents of their chests had been emptied overboard following the discovery of a planned mutiny early in the voyage. The matter was taken before some legal authority, presumably David Collins as magistrate, (the convict diarist William Noah referred to an order by ‘the judge’) and the sailors were sent to gaol until they provided satisfaction to the injured parties.<ref name="ftn130"><sup>Noah, p.24.</sup></ref>
 September 1799 – Letter from an unnamed correspondent at Port Jackson:
-It is a melancholy consideration that out of the unfortunate cargo the ''Hillsborough''<nowiki> brought in wretched [exile and durance vile?], no less than one in three died on the passage, scarce two hundred out of three hundred have reached these shores, and those the most miserable objects ever landed. A variety of serious charges are about to be brought in consequence; accusations of starving the convicts, and plundering them of their little merchandize and valuables.</nowiki>
+"Mann, one of the convicts, it seems, has sustained a loss of two hundred pounds, stolen by prisoners and otherwise, not accounted for by the Master, for which he exhibits his complaint; Jessop alias Clifford died on the passage, and left Mann what he possessed, said to have been something considerable, but is not forthcoming. Redman, who also paid the debt of nature, and who had, it seems, been a merchant of considerable property, and was known to have on board an investment of European goods to the amount of several hundred pounds, his effects stand unaccounted for, but some letters are received recommendatory of him, together with some private correspondence a fellow prisoner has secured, that I am in hopes will develop this business. Crossley (with wife) arrived here with much trade. The ''Hillsborough'' was seven months and upwards on her passage from England. . ."<ref name="ftn131"><sup>''Bombay Courier'', 22 November 1800.</sup></ref>
-−
-−
 Mann, one of the convicts, it seems, has sustained a loss of two hundred pounds, stolen by prisoners and otherwise, not accounted for by the Master, for which he exhibits his complaint; Jessop alias Clifford died on the passage, and left Mann what he possessed, said to have been something considerable, but is not forthcoming. Redman, who also paid the debt of nature, and who had, it seems, been a merchant of considerable property, and was known to have on board an investment of European goods to the amount of several hundred pounds, his effects stand unaccounted for, but some letters are received recommendatory of him, together with some private correspondence a fellow prisoner has secured, that I am in hopes will develop this business. Crossley (with wife) arrived here with much trade. The ''Hillsborough'' was seven months and upwards on her passage from England. . .<ref name="ftn131"><sup>''Bombay Courier'', 22 November 1800.</sup></ref>
-−
 August 1800 – Extract of a letter written around December 1799 was used as the basis of the following account:
+"The ''Hillsborough'' transport ship had arrived at Sydney with the loss of nearly 200 out of 300 of the unfortunate exiles who died on the passage. . . Redmayne, once a merchant in London had also a great deal of property, but he died on the passage; and the application, or rather misapplication of the property will undergo a strict investigation."<ref name="ftn132"><sup>''Star'', 8 August 1800.</sup></ref>
 The ''Hillsborough'' transport ship had arrived at Sydney with the loss of nearly 200 out of 300 of the unfortunate exiles who died on the passage. . . Redmayne, once a merchant in London had also a great deal of property, but he died on the passage; and the application, or rather misapplication of the property will undergo a strict investigation.<ref name="ftn132"><sup>''Star'', 8 August 1800.</sup></ref>
-−
 === Baring (1819) ===

@@ Line 770: / Line 770: @@
 === The Britannia (1796) ===
 May 1797 – Arrived in Port Jackson at 6.15 am and released several of the male convicts from irons and all of the females.<ref name="ftn119"><sup>HRNSW Vol.3, p.235.</sup></ref> Mr Williamson and the Governor’s Aide de Camp came on board at 7.30am. Released all the female convicts from irons and several of the men.<ref name="ftn120"><sup>‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Ship ''Britannia'' from the Downs to Port Jackson and China, Commencing upon the 3rd of September 1796 & Ending upon the 30th of June 1798’ (hereafter ''Britannia'' Journal), Dixson Library, SLNSW MSQ35, 27 and 28 May 1797.</sup></ref>
 May 1797 – Pilot and Governor’s Aide de Camp on board. Mustered the convicts. People employed in washing the decks and getting the Captain’s things on shore.<ref name="ftn121"><sup>''Britannia'' Journal, 30 May 1797.</sup></ref>
 June 1797 – The colonial surgeon William Balmain wrote to the ship’s ‘superintending surgeon’, Augustus Beyer, advising that, it having come to the Governor’s attention that several of the convicts had died because of the severe punishment inflicted on them, his Excellency had commanded him to inquire into the cause of their deaths. Beyer was asked to provide his views as to the cause of death, and whether he considered their treatment in general to have been ‘proper and suitable to the intention of sending them hither in health and safety’. Beyer responded by blaming the ship’s captain.<ref name="ftn122"><sup>‘Papers re Deaths on Board’, State Records Authority of NSW (hereafter SRNSW) 5/1156, No.13, Reel 1929 or COD 261, pp.112, 114-117; HRNSW Vol. 3, pp.270-272.</sup></ref>
 June 1797 – Chief Mate, Second Mate, Carpenter, Boatswain and Steward went on shore to give evidence at a Court of Enquiry, held into the Captain’s conduct based on a complaint by the doctor.<ref name="ftn123"><sup>''Britannia'' Journal, 10 June 1797.</sup></ref>
 June 1797 – Steward and boatswain returned, the court being adjourned.<ref name="ftn124"><sup>''Britannia'' Journal, 11 June 1797.</sup></ref><nowiki> [These seem to have been preliminary inquiries.]</nowiki>
 June 1797 – The Acting Judge Advocate, Richard Atkins, Reverend Richard Johnson and William Balmain opened an inquiry into the deaths on board the Britannia. The captain was charged with: (a) having occasioned the deaths of six convicts through the severity of the punishment he had ordered; (b) having failed to honour the government’s intention in sending the convicts to New South Wales in health and safety.<ref name="ftn125"><sup>HRNSW Vol.3, p.242.</sup></ref>
 July 1797 – The magistrates concluded, unanimously, that ‘Captain Dennott’s conduct in punishing the convicts in the manner he did for conspiring to take the ship was imprudent and ill-judged, inasmuch as he did not take the sense of the officers and ship’s company, individually, as to the steps necessary to be adopted for the preservation of the ship and the lives of the people therein, for although they might have all been present, and many of them assisting on that occasion, yet their not having been formally consulted renders it questionable whether the captain’s proceedings would have met their unanimous approbation, and, so far, his conduct in this instance may be regarded as bordering on too great a degree of severity.’
 However, they were much more critical of the surgeon. He had a duty to superintend the convicts, and had failed: ‘we also clearly concur of opinion that the surgeon (Mr Beyer) was beyond all the other bystanders particularly culpable in not steadfastly protesting against the cruelties which he charges Captain Dennott with, and was therefore inexcusably negligent and indifferent in the performance of his duty, and consequently, in an eminent degree, accessory to the inhumanities he complains of.’
 With respect to the ventilators and water sweeteners, they concluded that the Captain did not fail to take the proper steps for bringing the troops and the convicts to Sydney in safety, ‘especially when the refractory state of the people he had in charge and the coercion he was obliged to make use of towards them for the preservation of the ship and the people is considered.’ They added this recommendation:
+". . . we here beg leave to offer to his Excellency our opinion that all ships coming to this port with transports should have on board an officer of the Crown, who should be invested with proper power and authority, as well for the conducting of the ship as the particular inspection and direction of the management of the convicts on board."<ref name="ftn126"><sup>HRNSW Vol.3, pp.276-277.</sup></ref>
 . . . we here beg leave to offer to his Excellency our opinion that all ships coming to this port with transports should have on board an officer of the Crown, who should be invested with proper power and authority, as well for the conducting of the ship as the particular inspection and direction of the management of the convicts on board.<ref name="ftn126"><sup>HRNSW Vol.3, pp.276-277.</sup></ref>
 Hunter wrote to Portland on the same day:
+"In my letter No.27 herewith forwarded, I have mentioned that reports having been circulated that the convicts who were brought from Ireland in the ship Britannia had been treated with so much severity that the death of some of them had been occasioned by the punishment they had received – I directed a Board of Magistrates might assemble for the purpose of an enquiry into the truth of falsehood of these reports, in order that I might judge how far there might be ground for a more serious investigation. The enclosed paper, No.1, is the Examination in full & the opinion of the magistrates who made the inquiry."<ref name="ftn127"><sup>TNA CO201/14/29.</sup></ref>
 In my letter No.27 herewith forwarded, I have mentioned that reports having been circulated that the convicts who were brought from Ireland in the ship Britannia had been treated with so much severity that the death of some of them had been occasioned by the punishment they had received – I directed a Board of Magistrates might assemble for the purpose of an enquiry into the truth of falsehood of these reports, in order that I might judge how far there might be ground for a more serious investigation. The enclosed paper, No.1, is the Examination in full & the opinion of the magistrates who made the inquiry.<ref name="ftn127"><sup>TNA CO201/14/29.</sup></ref>
-−
 In his account of this inquiry, the Judge Advocate, David Collins, indicated that it was complaints by the convicts that had caused it to be established:
-These people, indeed, complained of much of having been treated with great severity during the passage, that the governor thought it right to institute an enquiry into their complaints. It appeared that they had been deserving of punishment, but that it had been administered with too much severity, in the opinion even of the surgeon who was present. As these punishments had been inflicted by the direction of the master, without consulting any of the officers on board as to the measure of them he was highly censured, as was the surgeon, who could stand by and see them inflicted without remonstrating with the master, which he declined because he had not been consulted by him.
+‘Quis talia fando, temperet a lachrymis?’"<ref name="ftn128"><sup>‘Whoever sows such things, shall he refrain from tears?’</sup></ref><ref name="ftn129"><sup>Collins Vol.2, pp.28-29.</sup></ref>
-−
-−
 ‘Quis talia fando, temperet a lachrymis?’<ref name="ftn128"><sup>‘Whoever sows such things, shall he refrain from tears?’</sup></ref><ref name="ftn129"><sup>Collins Vol.2, pp.28-29.</sup></ref>
-−
 === Hillsborough (1798) ===

@@ Line 728: / Line 728: @@
 ==== Response in England ====
 May 1792 – Dundas (Home Secretary) to Phillip (NSW Governor):
-Of these, the treatment of the convicts on board the Queen, and the conduct of the transports in carrying out copper, iron, and such other articles as you have mentioned, are the most material. As to the first, I approve of the examinations you have taken and transmitted to me.
+"I shall, in consequence, take care, whenever the persons concerned return home, that justice be done.
-−
-−
 I shall, in consequence, take care, whenever the persons concerned return home, that justice be done.
-−
-−
-I have, on the same principle, thoroughly investigated, and have taken the necessary steps to bring forward the conduct of the parties concerned in the treatment of the convicts on board the Neptune, Scarborough, and Surprize. . .<ref name="ftn111"><sup>TNA CO202/5/90.</sup></ref>
 July 1792 – On arrival in England, Captain Parker of ''HMS Gorgon'', wrote to Philip Stephens (Under Secretary of the Admiralty) about the complaints made by the convicts:
+"You will be pleased to inform the R<sup>t</sup> Hon<sup>ble</sup> my Lords Comm<sup>rs</sup> of the Admiralty that when at Port Jackson with His Maj<sup>ys</sup><nowiki> Ship under my command, Complaints were made by the Convicts brought out in the Queen Transport from Ireland of their having been defrauded of [a] great part of their Provisions, and from the appearance of the unhappy wretches when landed gave great cause for suspicion, for many of them were mere Skeletons, apparently with a human Skin drawn over the Bones, no particular Disease but dying for want of sustenance; Gov</nowiki><sup>r</sup> Phillip, in consequence of what is above recited, requested of me, and the Gentlemen whose Signatures is to the enclosed Paper, to go on board the Transport, and examine into the truth of Complaint, I thought it proper to enclose the Report of the Enquiry into the Case which you will be pleased to represent to their Lordships. . ." <ref name="ftn112"><sup>TNA HO28/8/238-238a.</sup></ref>
 You will be pleased to inform the R<sup>t</sup> Hon<sup>ble</sup> my Lords Comm<sup>rs</sup> of the Admiralty that when at Port Jackson with His Maj<sup>ys</sup><nowiki> Ship under my command, Complaints were made by the Convicts brought out in the Queen Transport from Ireland of their having been defrauded of [a] great part of their Provisions, and from the appearance of the unhappy wretches when landed gave great cause for suspicion, for many of them were mere Skeletons, apparently with a human Skin drawn over the Bones, no particular Disease but dying for want of sustenance; Gov</nowiki><sup>r</sup> Phillip, in consequence of what is above recited, requested of me, and the Gentlemen whose Signatures is to the enclosed Paper, to go on board the Transport, and examine into the truth of Complaint, I thought it proper to enclose the Report of the Enquiry into the Case which you will be pleased to represent to their Lordships. . . <ref name="ftn112"><sup>TNA HO28/8/238-238a.</sup></ref>
-−
 <nowiki>[Enclosed was a copy of the minutes of the panel as above.]</nowiki>
 July 1792 – Stephens to Parker:
+"Having laid before my Lords Comm<sup>rs</sup> of the Adm’ty your Letter of the 2d Inst. transmitting the Report of yourself & other Officers appointed by the Governor of New S<sup>o</sup> Wales to enquire into the Complaints made by the Convicts who arriv’d at Port Jackson in the Queen Transport of their having been defrauded of great part of their provisions, I am commanded by their Lordships to acquaint you that they have sent Copies of the abovementioned Letter & Report to Mr Nepean for Mr Sec<sup>ry</sup> Dundas’s Information."<ref name="ftn113"><sup>TNA ADM2/767/315.</sup></ref>
 Having laid before my Lords Comm<sup>rs</sup> of the Adm’ty your Letter of the 2d Inst. transmitting the Report of yourself & other Officers appointed by the Governor of New S<sup>o</sup> Wales to enquire into the Complaints made by the Convicts who arriv’d at Port Jackson in the Queen Transport of their having been defrauded of great part of their provisions, I am commanded by their Lordships to acquaint you that they have sent Copies of the abovementioned Letter & Report to Mr Nepean for Mr Sec<sup>ry</sup> Dundas’s Information.<ref name="ftn113"><sup>TNA ADM2/767/315.</sup></ref>
-−
 July 1792 – Stephens to Nepean:
+"Having laid before my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty a Letter which I received from Captain Parker, of His Majesty’s Ship Gorgon, representing that when he was at Port Jackson, Complaints being made by the Convicts carried out in the Queen Transport from Ireland of their having been defrauded of great part of their Provisions, he with Lieutenant Ball and some other Officers did, at the request of Governor Phillip, enquire what foundation there was for such Complaints, and enclosing in his said Letter a Report of the Result of the Enquiry; I am commanded by their Lordships to send you herewith Copies of the said Letter and Report for the information of Mr Secretary Dundas. . ."<ref name="ftn114"><sup>TNA HO28/8/236.</sup></ref>
 Having laid before my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty a Letter which I received from Captain Parker, of His Majesty’s Ship Gorgon, representing that when he was at Port Jackson, Complaints being made by the Convicts carried out in the Queen Transport from Ireland of their having been defrauded of great part of their Provisions, he with Lieutenant Ball and some other Officers did, at the request of Governor Phillip, enquire what foundation there was for such Complaints, and enclosing in his said Letter a Report of the Result of the Enquiry; I am commanded by their Lordships to send you herewith Copies of the said Letter and Report for the information of Mr Secretary Dundas. . .<ref name="ftn114"><sup>TNA HO28/8/236.</sup></ref>
-−
 February 1793 – John King (Home Office) to Charles Long (Treasury):
+"Governor Phillip having transmitted to the Secretary of State a Complaint made against Richard Owen, Master, and Robert Stott, second Mate of the Queen Transport, that the Convicts who were sent out on board that Vessell to New South Wales did not receive the Ration of Provisions that was directed by Contract to be furnished to them during their Passage; also a Complaint that a very considerable quantity of Copper, Lead, Iron & Cordage were taken out on board the Admiral Barrington, Albemarle, Active and Queen Transports, whereby great inconvenience was occasioned to the Settlement, as those Vessels might otherwise have been laden here with a greater proportion of Articles necessary for the Settlement; - I am directed by Mr Secretary Dundas to transmit to you in support of the former Complaint Extract of a Letter from Gov<sup>r</sup> Phillip dated the 5 Nov<sup>r</sup> 1791 together with a Copy of the Examination of the Master and second Mate of the Queen Transport, which is now returned to England, and in support of the latter Complaint, you will receive enclosed Extract of a Letter from the Governor dated the 8<sup>th</sup> Nov<sup>r</sup> 1791 and Copy of one from him dated the 25<sup>th</sup> Nov<sup>r</sup> 1791, also Copy of an Account of Copper &c received on board the Admiral Barrington, Active & Albemarle, and Copy of the Attestation of the Attestation the Masters of those Vessels, and I am to desire you will lay the said several Papers before the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty’s Treasury, with Mr Dundas’s Opinion, that it will be proper for their Lordships to give orders that a particular Enquiry may be made into the beforementioned Complaints, in order that, (if the Evidence in support of them shall prove to be Sufficient) proper Steps may be taken for bringing the offending Parties to Justice, and for the purpose of preventing the like offences in future."
 Governor Phillip having transmitted to the Secretary of State a Complaint made against Richard Owen, Master, and Robert Stott, second Mate of the Queen Transport, that the Convicts who were sent out on board that Vessell to New South Wales did not receive the Ration of Provisions that was directed by Contract to be furnished to them during their Passage; also a Complaint that a very considerable quantity of Copper, Lead, Iron & Cordage were taken out on board the Admiral Barrington, Albemarle, Active and Queen Transports, whereby great inconvenience was occasioned to the Settlement, as those Vessels might otherwise have been laden here with a greater proportion of Articles necessary for the Settlement; - I am directed by Mr Secretary Dundas to transmit to you in support of the former Complaint Extract of a Letter from Gov<sup>r</sup> Phillip dated the 5 Nov<sup>r</sup> 1791 together with a Copy of the Examination of the Master and second Mate of the Queen Transport, which is now returned to England, and in support of the latter Complaint, you will receive enclosed Extract of a Letter from the Governor dated the 8<sup>th</sup> Nov<sup>r</sup> 1791 and Copy of one from him dated the 25<sup>th</sup> Nov<sup>r</sup> 1791, also Copy of an Account of Copper &c received on board the Admiral Barrington, Active & Albemarle, and Copy of the Attestation of the Attestation the Masters of those Vessels, and I am to desire you will lay the said several Papers before the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty’s Treasury, with Mr Dundas’s Opinion, that it will be proper for their Lordships to give orders that a particular Enquiry may be made into the beforementioned Complaints, in order that, (if the Evidence in support of them shall prove to be Sufficient) proper Steps may be taken for bringing the offending Parties to Justice, and for the purpose of preventing the like offences in future.
-−
 On the reverse, there is a note: ‘Transmit papers to Comm<sup>s</sup> Navy’.<ref name="ftn115"><sup>TNA HO36/7/442-443; TNA T1/714, No.326.</sup></ref>
 February 1793 – Treasury read King’s letter:
-Read Letter from Mr King dated the 7<sup>th</sup> Inst. transmitting by Direction of Mr Secretary Dundas Extracts of Letters from Governor Philip with sundry other papers on the subject of a Complaint against the Master & Second Mate of the Queen Transport, that the Convicts who were sent out on board that Vessel to New South Wales did not receive the Ration of Provisions directed by Contract to be furnished to them during their passage; and also relative to a complaint that a very considerable Quantity of Copper, Lead, Iron & Cordage were taken out on board the Admiral Barrington, Albemarle, Active and Queen. . .
+"Transmit Copies of these Papers to the Commissioners of the Navy & direct them to make strict & speedy Enquiries into the Complaints made by Gov<sup>r</sup> Phillip, and to report the Result thereof to this Board."<ref name="ftn116"><sup>TNA T29/65/346-347.</sup></ref>
-−
-−
 Transmit Copies of these Papers to the Commissioners of the Navy & direct them to make strict & speedy Enquiries into the Complaints made by Gov<sup>r</sup> Phillip, and to report the Result thereof to this Board.<ref name="ftn116"><sup>TNA T29/65/346-347.</sup></ref>
-−
 March 1793 – Charles Long (Treasury) to Navy Board.
+"Mr Secretary Dundas having laid before the Lords Comm<sup>rs</sup> of His Majesty’s Treasury Extracts of Letters from Governor Phillip with sundry other Papers on the Subject of a Complaint against the Master and Second Mate of the ''Queen'' Transport that the convicts who were sent on board the said Vessel to New South Wales did not receive ration of Provisions directed by Contract to be furnished to them during their Passage. . . I am commanded by their Lordships to transmit Copies of the said Papers to you & to direct you to make strict & speedy Inquiries into the Complaint made by Governor Phillip & to report the result thereof to this Board."<ref name="ftn117"><sup>TNA T27/43/159.</sup></ref>
 Mr Secretary Dundas having laid before the Lords Comm<sup>rs</sup> of His Majesty’s Treasury Extracts of Letters from Governor Phillip with sundry other Papers on the Subject of a Complaint against the Master and Second Mate of the ''Queen'' Transport that the convicts who were sent on board the said Vessel to New South Wales did not receive ration of Provisions directed by Contract to be furnished to them during their Passage. . . I am commanded by their Lordships to transmit Copies of the said Papers to you & to direct you to make strict & speedy Inquiries into the Complaint made by Governor Phillip & to report the result thereof to this Board.<ref name="ftn117"><sup>TNA T27/43/159.</sup></ref>
-−
 March 1793 – The Navy Board Minutes addressed the question of illicit metal being shipped but not the failure to supply adequate provisions.<ref name="ftn118"><sup>TNA ADM106/2645.</sup></ref>
 === The Britannia (1796) ===