Letters of Marque

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A ‘letter of marque’ was a government permit to raid enemy shipping. Such permits were necessary before private vessels could engage in privateering, but they were also obtained by the owners of ships engaged in trade, in case they should have the opportunity to assist in the capture of an enemy vessel.

Of the 27 Botany Baymen that sailed between the outbreak of war in 1793 and the end of 1800, 13 had letters of marque, another two were armed, and two more were issued with letters of marque in London while they were on their voyage.


Ship
Convicts
Sailed
Arrived at Port Jackson
French Letter of Marque
Guns
Spanish Letter of Marque
Guns
Navigation Act Pass
Guns
First Fleet
1. Alexander 195 male 13 May 1787 26 January 1788 12 December 1786 10 guns
2. Lady Penhryn 101 female 13 May 1787 26 January 1788 29 November 1786 8 guns
3. Scarborough (1) 208 male 13 May 1787 26 January 1788 29 November 1786 6 guns
4. Friendship 76 male, 21 female 13 May 1787 26 January 1788 29 November 1786 4 guns
5. Charlotte 88 male, 20 female 13 May 1787 26 January 1788 13 December 1786 No guns
6. Prince of Wales 1 male, 49 female 13 May 1787 26 January 1788 16 January 1787 4 guns
7. Fishburn Stores 13 May 1787 26 January 1788 14 November 1786 4 guns
8. Borrowdale Stores 13 May 1787 26 January 1788 14 November 1786 4 guns
9. Golden Grove Stores 13 May 1787 26 January 1788 14 November 1786 4 guns
10. Lady Juliana 226 female 29 July 1789 3 June 1790 5 March 1789 No guns
Second Fleet
11. Surprize (1) 256 male 17 January 1790 26 June 1790 6 November 1789 6 guns
12. Neptune 424 male

78 female

17 January 1790 28 June 1790 23 October 1789 6 guns
13. Scarborough (2) 259 male 17 January 1790 28 June 1790 9 October 1789 6 guns
14. Justinian Stores 17 January 1790 20 June 1790 . 17 December 1789 2 guns
Third Fleet
15. Mary Ann 150 female 16 February 1791 9 July 1791 9 February 1791 2 guns
16. Atlantic 220 male 27 March 1791 20 Aug 1791 14 January 1791 6 guns
17. Salamander 160 male 27 March 1791 21 Aug 1791 12 January 1791 6 guns
18. William and Ann 188 male 27 March 1791 28 Aug 1791 14 January 1791 6 guns
19. Active 175 male 27 March 1791 26 Sept 1791 15 November 1790 6 guns
20. Albemarle 282 male 27 March 1791 13 Oct 1791 22 February 1791 8 guns
21. Admiral Barrington 300 male 27 March 1791 16 Oct 1791 22 February 1791 8 guns
22. Britannia (1) 150 male 27 March 1791 14 Oct 1791 21 January 1791 6 guns
23. Matilda 230 male 27 March 1791 1 Aug 1791 9 February 1791 No guns
24. Queen 133 male, 22 female 16 April 1791 26 Sept 1791 21 January 1791 4 guns
25. Pitt 352 male, 58 female 17 July 1791 14 Feb 1792 25 April 1793 24 x 9 pounders 6 June 1791 26 guns
26. Britannia (2) (NB a LoM was also issued in NSW) Stores 15 February 1792 26 July 1792 1 June 1793 8 x 3 pounders 27 November 1796 8 x 3 pounders. 13 January 1792 No guns listed
27. Royal Admiral (1) 299 male, 49 female 25 May 1792 7 Oct 1792 2 May 1792 12 guns
28. Kitty 10 male, 30 female 6 April 1792 18 Nov 1792 17 January 1792 2 guns
29. Bellona 17 female 8 August 1792 16 Jan 1793 4 July 1792 2 guns
30. Boddington 125 male, 20 female 15 February 1793 7 Aug 1793 31 December 1792 2 guns
31. Sugar Cane 110 male, 50 female 13 April 1793 17 Sept 1793
32. William Stores and 2 convicts 20 September 1793 10 Mar 1794 23 May 1793 2 guns
33. Indispensable (1) Stores 26 December 1793 24 May 1794 6 December 1793 8 x 6 pounders carriage;

1 x 4 pounder cohorn

3 December 1793 8 guns
34. Speedy (1) Stores 26 December 1793 8 June 1794 13 November 1793 2 guns
35. Resolution (1) Stores 20 March 1794 10 September 1794 20 November 1793 2 guns
36. Salamander (2) Stores 20 March 1794 11 September 1794 7 January 1794 6 guns
37. Surprize (2) 23 male, 60 female 2 May 1794 25 Oct 1794 16 January 1794 20 x 6 & 4 pounders; 6 swivels. 3 February 1794 20 guns
38. Young William Stores 25 May 1795 4 October 1795 8 October 1794 12 guns
39. Sovereign Stores and 1 convict 25 May 1795 5 November 1795 21 February 1795 10 x 3 & 4 pounders 23 March 1795 10 guns
40. Ceres Stores 9 August 1795 24 January 1796 11 July 1795 10 guns
41. Marquis Cornwallis (1) 163 male, 70 female Left Cork - 7 August 1795 10 Feb 1796 22 April 1795 (HCA) 14 x 6 pounders 22 April 1795 14 guns
42. Indispensable (2) 133 female Left Gravesend – 5 Nov 1795 30 Apr 1796 3 November 1795 2 guns
43. Prince of Wales (2) Stores 27 June 1796 2 November 1796 1 June(?) 1796 8 guns
44. Sylph Stores 27 June 1796 17 or 19 November 1796 14 June 1796 10 x 6 pounders 23 May 1796 10 guns
45. Ganges 203 male 17 October 1796 from England;

10 December from Cork

2 June 1797 17 September 1796 12 x 6 & 4 pounders
46. Britannia (3) 144 male, 44 female 10 December 1796 27 May 1797 5 August 1796 12 x 9 pounders 21 November 1796 12 x 9 pounders 16 August 1796 12 guns
47. Lady Shore 2 male, 66 female 8 June 1797 Never arrived 3 April 1797 10 x 6 & 4 pounders 1 April 1797 10 x 6 & 4 pounders
48. Barwell 296 male 6 November 1797 18 May 1798 23 March 1795 26 guns
49. Marquis Cornwallis (2) Stores 17 February 1798 27 October 1798
50. Britannia (4) 96 females 17 February 1798 19 July 1798 16 November 1797 6 guns
51. Hillsborough 300 male 20 December 1798 26 July 1799 21 September 1798 20 x 6 & 9 pounders 2 October 1798 20 guns
52 Albion Stores Abt. 14 March 799 29 June 1799 19 December 1798 8 x 6 pounders; 2 x 18 pound carronades 6 December 1798 10 guns.
53. Walker Stores 18 June 1799 3 Nov 1799 30 March 1799 10 x 9 pounders 4 April 1799 10 guns
54. Minerva 165 male, 26 female 24 August 1799 11 Jan 1800 She was chasing enemy ships, but no letter of marque has been found 16 May 1798 14 guns
55. Friendship (2) 133 male 24 August 1799 16 Feb 1800 4 March 1799 10 x 6 pounder carriage; 2 x 18 carronades; 12 swivels 4 March 1799 10 x 6 pounder carriage; 2 x 18 carronades; 12 swivels 4 March 1799 12 guns
56. Speedy (2) 53 female 21 November 1799 15 Apr 1800 17 October 1799 2 guns
57. Royal Admiral (2) 300 male 23 May 1800 20 Nov 1800 10 February 1800 24 x 9 & 6 pounders 10 February 1800 24 x 9 & 6 pounders 4 February 1800 24 guns
58. Anne (Luz St Ann) 147 male, 24 female 26 June 1800 21 February 1801 Letter of marque at Port Jackson
59. Earl Cornwallis 193 male, 95 female 18 November 1800 12 June 1801
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